As we go about our daily lives, it’s easy to overlook subtle changes in our bodies. However, sometimes these changes can signal something more serious brewing beneath the surface. One such instance is when our feet start sending out distress signals that might indicate the onset of a condition known as diabetic foot. Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes that can lead to serious consequences if not managed properly.
What is the diabetic foot?
Diabetic foot refers to the combination of diabetic neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease on the basis of diabetes mellitus, which, under the influence of multiple factors, leads to lower limb infections, ulcer formation, and/or deep tissue damage.
Today, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. Diabetes not only manifests as high blood sugar but also affects the quality of life, especially with a series of complications, becoming a ‘time bomb’ threatening the health and life of diabetic patients.
Changes in Skin Color
If a person with diabetes notices abnormal changes in the color of their legs, they should pay attention. Poor blood supply to the skin of the lower limbs can lead to pigmentation deposition, resulting in darkening of the skin. If wounds begin to ulcerate, it’s even more critical to address. Minor wounds can easily become infected, leading to diabetic foot ulcers. If not treated promptly, amputation may be necessary.
Abnormal Sensations
Neuropathy, or nerve damage, is a common complication of diabetes that can affect sensation in the feet. When the nerves in the lower limbs are affected, it can impact sensation, including pain, temperature, and pressure perception. Most diabetic foot patients will experience abnormal sensations in their lower limbs. Early signs include reduced sensation, numbness in the feet, leg pain, cold feet, and unexplained nighttime leg pain. If left untreated, it may progress to intermittent claudication. Therefore, any abnormality in the lower limbs should be taken seriously.
Temperature Irregularities
Another warning sign of diabetic foot risk is abnormal temperature sensations in the feet. Some individuals may notice that their feet feel unusually warm or cold to the touch, even when the surrounding environment is at a comfortable temperature. These temperature irregularities can indicate poor circulation or nerve damage, both of which are common in individuals with diabetes. Temperature changes can also increase the risk of skin breakdown and infection, making prompt evaluation essential.
Wounds, Ulcers, or Infections
Perhaps the most critical foot signal of diabetic foot risk is the presence of wounds, ulcers, or infections. Due to reduced sensation and compromised circulation, individuals with diabetes are more prone to developing foot ulcers, particularly on the soles of the feet or around pressure points. Even minor injuries such as cuts, blisters, or ingrown toenails can lead to serious infections if not promptly treated.
If any of the above symptoms occur, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly.
How should we prevent diabetic foot in daily life?
- The optimal water temperature for foot washing is between 37-39°C, and the duration of foot washing should be controlled between 5-10 minutes. Avoid using irritating detergents during foot washing to protect the skin of the feet.
- Trim the toenails not too short, as trimming them too short can easily damage the toes. Keep the edges of the toenails smooth and round.
- Avoid walking in darkness, steer clear of obstacles, and prevent foot injuries.
- Avoid vigorous massage on the feet. Gentle massage can promote blood circulation in the feet and improve diabetic foot lesions. However, vigorous massage may damage the skin of the feet, leading to diabetic ulcers.
- Choose suitable shoes. Diabetic patients can choose shoes made of soft leather materials with wide and deep toe boxes, or other shoes that can reduce pressure. In winter, pay attention to keeping warm to prevent frostbite and foot injuries.
Final thought
Diabetic foot poses a serious threat to individuals with diabetes, but early detection and preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of complications. Regular monitoring of foot health, prompt attention to warning signs, and adherence to preventive practices are essential for preserving mobility and preventing severe outcomes. By maintaining proper foot care habits and seeking timely medical intervention, individuals can mitigate the impact of diabetic foot and enhance their overall quality of life.
